SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Alien invasion</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alien invasion</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about extra-terrestrial life as a theme in fiction. For other uses, see <a href="Alien_invasion_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alien invasion (disambiguation)">Alien invasion (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<p><b>Alien invasion</b> or <b>space invasion</b> is a common <a href="List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">feature in science fiction stories and films</a>, in which <a href="Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">extraterrestrial lifeforms</a> invade Earth to exterminate and supplant human life, enslave it, harvest people for food, steal the planet's resources, or destroy the planet altogether. It can be considered as a science-fiction subgenre of the <a href="Invasion_literature" title="Invasion literature">invasion literature</a>, expanded by <a href="H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>'s seminal alien invasion novel <i><a href="The_War_of_the_Worlds" title="The War of the Worlds">The War of the Worlds</a></i>, and is a type of '<a href="First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">first contact</a>' science fiction.

</p><p>Experts consider the prospects of an actual invasion of Earth by extraterrestrials to be extremely unlikely, due to the enormous cost in time and resources.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2></div>

<p>In 1898, Wells published <i><a href="The_War_of_the_Worlds" title="The War of the Worlds">The War of the Worlds</a></i>, depicting the invasion of <a href="Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian England</a> by Martians equipped with advanced weaponry. It is now seen as the seminal alien invasion story<sup id="cite_ref-flynn2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flynn2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wells is credited with establishing several extraterrestrial themes which were later greatly expanded by science fiction writers in the 20th century, including first contact and war between planets and their differing species. However, there were earlier published stories of aliens and alien invasion, such as the 1892 novel <i>The Germ Growers</i> by Australian clergyman Robert Potter, which describes a covert invasion by aliens who take on the appearance of human beings and attempt to develop a virulent disease to assist in their plans for global conquest. Potter's novel was not widely read.<sup id="cite_ref-flynn2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flynn2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Wells had already proposed another outcome for the alien invasion story in <i>The War of the Worlds</i>. When the Narrator meets the artilleryman the second time, the artilleryman imagines a future where humanity, hiding underground in sewers and tunnels, conducts a <a href="Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla war</a>, fighting against the Martians for generations to come, and eventually, after learning how to duplicate Martian weapon technology, destroys the invaders and takes back the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-batchelor_28_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batchelor_28-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Six weeks after publication of the novel, <i><a href="The_Boston_Post" title="The Boston Post">The Boston Post</a></i> newspaper published another alien invasion story, an unauthorized sequel to <i>The War of the Worlds</i>, which turned the tables on the invaders. <i><a href="Edison's_Conquest_of_Mars" title="Edison's Conquest of Mars">Edison's Conquest of Mars</a></i> was written by <a href="Garrett_P._Serviss" title="Garrett P. Serviss">Garrett P. Serviss</a>, who described the famous inventor <a href="Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> leading a counterattack against the invaders on their home soil.<sup id="cite_ref-gerrold_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gerrold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though this is actually a sequel to <i><a href="Fighters_from_Mars" title="Fighters from Mars">Fighters from Mars</a></i>, a revised and unauthorised reprint of <i>War of the Worlds</i>, they both were first printed in <i>The Boston Post</i> in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>The War of the Worlds</i> was reprinted in the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in 1927, by <a href="Hugo_Gernsback" title="Hugo Gernsback">Hugo Gernsback</a> in <i><a href="Amazing_Stories" title="Amazing Stories">Amazing Stories</a></i>. <a href="John_W._Campbell" title="John W. Campbell">John W. Campbell</a>, another key editor of the era, and periodic short story writer, published several alien invasion stories in the 1930s. Many well-known science fiction writers were to follow, including <a href="Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>, <a href="Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>, <a href="Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a>, plus <a href="Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a> who wrote <i><a href="The_Puppet_Masters" title="The Puppet Masters">The Puppet Masters</a></i> in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanski_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanski-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alien_infiltration">Alien infiltration</h3></div>

<p>This is a familiar variation on the alien invasion theme. In the infiltration scenario, the invaders will typically take human form and can move freely throughout human society, even to the point of taking control of command positions. The purpose of this may either be to take over the entire world through infiltration (<i><a href="Invasion_of_the_Body_Snatchers" title="Invasion of the Body Snatchers">Invasion of the Body Snatchers</a></i>), or as advanced scouts meant to "soften up" Earth in preparation for a full-scale invasion by the aliens' conventional military (<i><a href="First_Wave_(TV_series)" title="First Wave (TV series)">First Wave</a></i>). This type of invasion represented common fears of the American public during the <a href="Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, particularly the <a href="Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">fear of infiltration by communist agents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Reptilian_conspiracy_theory" title="Reptilian conspiracy theory">Reptilian conspiracy theory</a> claims that covert alien infiltration is already happening.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beneficial_alien_invasion">Beneficial alien invasion</h3></div>

<p>This theme has also been explored in fiction on the rare occasion. With this type of story, the invaders, in a kind of <a href="The_White_Man's_Burden" title="The White Man's Burden">little grey/green man's burden</a>, colonize the planet in an effort to <a href="Cultural_imperialism" title="Cultural imperialism">spread their culture</a> and "civilize" the indigenous "barbaric" inhabitants or secretly watch and aid earthlings saving them from themselves. The former theme shares many traits with hostile occupation fiction, but the invaders tend to view the occupied peoples as students or equals rather than subjects and slaves. The latter theme of secret watcher is a paternalistic/maternalistic theme. In this fiction, the aliens intervene in human affairs to prevent them from destroying themselves, such as <a href="Klaatu_(The_Day_the_Earth_Stood_Still)" title="Klaatu (The Day the Earth Stood Still)">Klaatu</a> and <a href="Gort_(The_Day_the_Earth_Stood_Still)" title="Gort (The Day the Earth Stood Still)">Gort</a> in <i><a href="The_Day_the_Earth_Stood_Still" title="The Day the Earth Stood Still">The Day the Earth Stood Still</a></i> warning the leaders of Earth to abandon their warlike ways and join other space-faring civilizations else that they will destroy themselves or be destroyed by their interstellar union. Other examples of a beneficial alien invasion are <a href="Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a>'s movie <i><a href="The_Questor_Tapes" title="The Questor Tapes">The Questor Tapes</a></i> (1974) and his <i><a href="Star_Trek%3A_The_Original_Series" title="Star Trek: The Original Series">Star Trek</a></i> episode "<a href="Assignment%3A_Earth" title="Assignment: Earth">Assignment: Earth</a>" (1968); <a href="Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>'s <i><a href="Childhood's_End" title="Childhood's End">Childhood's End</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the novel (later anime) series <i><a href="Crest_of_the_Stars" title="Crest of the Stars">Crest of the Stars</a></i>, the film <i><a href="Arrival_(film)" title="Arrival (film)">Arrival</a></i> (2016), and <a href="David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a>'s <a href="Uplift_Universe" title="Uplift Universe">Uplift Universe</a> series of books.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasion_by_humans">Invasion by humans</h3></div>

<p>A similar trope depicts humans in the role of the "alien" invaders, where humans are the ones invading or attacking extraterrestrial lifeforms. Examples include the short story <i>Sentry</i> (1954) (in which the "aliens" described are, at the end, explained to be humans), the video game <i><a href="Phantasy_Star_II" title="Phantasy Star II">Phantasy Star II</a></i> (1989),<sup id="cite_ref-gspot_phanstar2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gspot_phanstar2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="The_Martian_Chronicles" title="The Martian Chronicles">The Martian Chronicles</a></i> by <a href="Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a>, the Imperium of Man in the <i><a href="Warhammer_40%2C000" title="Warhammer 40,000">Warhammer 40,000</a></i> universe, <i>Invaders from Earth</i> by <a href="Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a>, <i><a href="Ender's_Game" title="Ender's Game">Ender's Game</a></i> by <a href="Orson_Scott_Card" title="Orson Scott Card">Orson Scott Card</a>, and the movies <i><a href="Battle_for_Terra" title="Battle for Terra">Battle for Terra</a></i> (2007), <i><a href="Planet_51" title="Planet 51">Planet 51</a></i> (2009), and <i><a href="Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a></i> (2009).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feasibility">Feasibility</h2></div>

<p><a href="Seth_Shostak" title="Seth Shostak">Seth Shostak</a>, senior astronomer at the <a href="SETI_Institute" title="SETI Institute">Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)</a> believes an alien invasion of Earth to be unlikely for several reasons. He believes that any resources available on Earth can be found on their home planet, or that it would be easier to locate or create it on their own. He also believes that, if alien life were to make contact with Earth, it would first be through robots rather than the aliens themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-how_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="David_Morrison_(astrophysicist)" title="David Morrison (astrophysicist)">David Morrison</a>, Director of Space at <a href="Ames_Research_Center" title="Ames Research Center">NASA-Ames Research Center</a> argues that first contact would be in the form of radio communication rather than visitation.<sup id="cite_ref-how_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-how-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li>

<li><a href="Potential_cultural_impact_of_extraterrestrial_contact" title="Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact">Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Space colonization</a></li>

<li><a href="UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Kraken_Wakes" title="The Kraken Wakes">The Kraken Wakes</a></i>, 1953 novel</li>

<li><a href="List_of_films_featuring_space_stations" title="List of films featuring space stations">List of films featuring space stations</a></li>

<li><a href="Wow!_signal" title="Wow! signal">Wow! signal</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFRowan2010" class="citation news cs1">Rowan, Karen (2010-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2010/0429/Stephen-Hawking-warning-What-would-an-alien-invasion-be-like">"Stephen Hawking warning: What would an alien invasion be like?"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-flynn2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flynn2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flynn2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFlynn2005" class="citation book cs1">Flynn, John L. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T0aCSs1-23sC&pg=PA18"><i>War of the Worlds: From Wells to Spielberg</i></a>. Galactic Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>19. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-9769400-0-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-batchelor_28-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-batchelor_28_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBatchelor1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="John_Batchelor" title="John Batchelor">Batchelor, John</a> (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hgwells0000batc"><i>H.G. Wells</i></a></span>. <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hgwells0000batc/page/28">28</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-521-27804-X</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gerrold-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gerrold_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGerrold2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="David_Gerrold" title="David Gerrold">Gerrold, David</a> (2005). Glenn Yeffeth (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warofworldsfresh0000well/page/202">"War of the Worlds"</a></span>. <i>War of the Worlds: Fresh Perspectives on the H.G. Wells Classic</i>. BenBalla: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warofworldsfresh0000well/page/202">202–205</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-932100-55-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Edison's Conquest of Mars</i>, "Foreword" by Robert Godwin, Apogee Books 2005</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-urbanski-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urbanski_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUrbanski2007" class="citation book cs1">Urbanski, Heather (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QAYyBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA156"><i>Plagues, Apocalypses and Bug-Eyed Monsters</i></a>. McFarland. pp. <span class="nowrap">156–</span>8. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7864-2916-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeter2006" class="citation book cs1">Peter, Lev (2006-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TEGl2Ele_XoC&pg=PA177"><i>Transforming the screen, 1950-1959</i></a>. History of the American cinema. Vol. 7. <a href="University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 177. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-520-24966-6</bdi>. <q>Invasion films were common in the 1950s featuring a variety of aliens portrayed as superior to earthlings both in intelligence and technology. In these films, aliens represent what some Americans feared about the Soviets. Invaders, friends or enemies, and often with the help of robots, either come to warn earthlings or destroy them with superior technology. Sometimes, the invaders use the strategy of infiltration, taking over the minds of the people, making slaves of them or appropriating their bodies, thus making war unnecessary. In some instances, the aliens already had a similar appearance - in <i>Star Trek</i>, while officially made contact with Humanity in 2063, (and were not "invaders" - some were shipwreck survivors, others time-travelers, accompanied by at least one Human, from a future where their respective worlds were allies) no fewer than six Vulcans had spent some time on Earth, passing as Human simply by using hair or skullcaps to conceal their pointed ears.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFParrinder2001" class="citation book cs1">Parrinder, Patrick (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DIWoqcXGabYC&pg=PA143">"Estranged Invaders: The War of the Worlds"</a>. <i>Learning from Other Worlds: Estrangement, Cognition, and the Politics of Science Fiction</i>. <a href="Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. 143. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8223-2773-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-gspot_phanstar2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gspot_phanstar2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKasavin2005" class="citation web cs1">Kasavin, Greg (July 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-greatest-games-of-all-time-phantasy-star-ii/1100-6129293/">"The Greatest Games of All Time: Phantasy Star II"</a>. <i><a href="GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-13</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-how-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-how_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-how_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705184304/https://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/could-extraterrestrials-really-invade-earth-and-how-0740/">"Could Extraterrestrials Really Invade Earth, and How? | Life's Little Mysteries"</a>. 2010-07-05. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifeslittlemysteries.com/could-extraterrestrials-really-invade-earth-and-how-0740/">the original</a> on 2010-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-05</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extraterrestrial_life414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Extraterrestrial_life414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Events and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shergotty_meteorite" title="Shergotty meteorite">Shergotty meteorite</a> (1865)</li>

<li><a href="Nakhla_meteorite" title="Nakhla meteorite">Nakhla meteorite</a> (1911)</li>

<li><a href="Murchison_meteorite" title="Murchison meteorite">Murchison meteorite</a> (1969)</li>

<li><a href="Viking_lander_biological_experiments" title="Viking lander biological experiments">Viking lander biological experiments</a> (1976)</li>

<li><a href="Allan_Hills_77005" title="Allan Hills 77005">Allan Hills 77005</a> (1977)</li>

<li><a href="Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a> (1984)</li>

<li><a href="Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato 000593</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="CI1_fossils" title="CI1 fossils">CI1 fossils</a> (2011)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Signals of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Misidentified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PSR_B1919%2B21" title="PSR B1919+21">CP 1919</a> (misidentified pulsar)</li>

<li><a href="CTA-102" title="CTA-102">CTA-102</a> (misidentified quasar)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Stars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tabby's_Star" title="Tabby's Star">KIC 8462852</a> (unusual light fluctuations)</li>

<li><a href="EPIC_204278916" title="EPIC 204278916">EPIC 204278916</a> (unusual light fluctuations)</li>

<li><a href="VVV-WIT-07" title="VVV-WIT-07">VVV-WIT-07</a> (unusual light fluctuations)</li>

<li><a href="HD_164595" title="HD 164595">HD 164595 signal</a> (unknown origin)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="SHGb02%2B14a" title="SHGb02+14a">SHGb02+14a</a> (radio source)</li>

<li><a href="Wow!_signal" title="Wow! signal">Wow! signal</a> (inconclusive)</li>

<li><a href="Fast_radio_burst" title="Fast radio burst">Fast radio burst</a> (unknown origin)</li>

<li><a href="BLC1" title="BLC1">BLC1</a> (radio signal)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Life in the Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetary_habitability_in_the_Solar_System" title="Planetary habitability in the Solar System">Planetary habitability in the Solar System</a></li>

<li><a href="Life_on_Venus" title="Life on Venus">Life on Venus</a></li>

<li><a href="Life_on_Titan" title="Life on Titan">Life on Titan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary<br>habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catalog_of_Nearby_Habitable_Systems" title="Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems">Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li>

<li><a href="Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary habitability</a></li>

<li><a href="Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li>

<li><a href="Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Astrobiology#Missions" title="Astrobiology">Space missions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li>

<li><a href="BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a></li>

<li><a href="Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Enceladus_Explorer" title="Enceladus Explorer">Enceladus Explorer</a></li>

<li><a href="Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li>

<li><a href="ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="ExoLance" title="ExoLance">ExoLance</a></li>

<li><a href="EXPOSE" title="EXPOSE">EXPOSE</a></li>

<li><a href="Foton-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Foton-M">Foton-M3</a></li>

<li><a href="Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li>

<li><a href="Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">Journey to Enceladus and Titan</a></li>

<li><a href="Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li>

<li><a href="Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li>

<li><a href="Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li>

<li><a href="Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Mars sample-return mission</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></li>

<li><a href="Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li>

<li><a href="Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li>

<li><a href="SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></li>

<li><a href="Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanpopo_mission" title="Tanpopo mission">Tanpopo</a></li>

<li><a href="Titan_Mare_Explorer" title="Titan Mare Explorer">Titan Mare Explorer</a></li>

<li><a href="Venus_In_Situ_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Explorer">Venus In Situ Explorer</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Interstellar_communication" title="Interstellar communication">Interstellar<br>communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_SETI" title="Active SETI">Active SETI</a></li>

<li><a href="Allen_Telescope_Array" title="Allen Telescope Array">Allen Telescope Array</a></li>

<li><a href="Arecibo_message" title="Arecibo message">Arecibo message</a></li>

<li><a href="Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a></li>

<li><a href="Berkeley_SETI_Research_Center" title="Berkeley SETI Research Center">Berkeley SETI Research Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Bracewell_probe" title="Bracewell probe">Bracewell probe</a></li>

<li><a href="Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a>

<ul><li><a href="Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li>

<li><a href="Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Gauss's_Pythagorean_right_triangle_proposal" title="Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal">Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal</a></li>

<li><a href="Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Lincos_language" title="Lincos language">Lincos language</a></li>

<li><a href="NIROSETI" title="NIROSETI">NIROSETI</a></li>

<li><a href="Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaque</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Cyclops" title="Project Cyclops">Project Cyclops</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Ozma" title="Project Ozma">Project Ozma</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Phoenix_(SETI)" title="Project Phoenix (SETI)">Project Phoenix</a></li>

<li><a href="SERENDIP" title="SERENDIP">SERENDIP</a></li>

<li><a href="Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="SetiQuest" title="SetiQuest">setiQuest</a></li>

<li><a href="Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_hole_(radio)" title="Water hole (radio)">Water hole</a></li>

<li><a href="Alien_language" title="Alien language">Xenolinguistics</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="List_of_alleged_extraterrestrial_beings" title="List of alleged extraterrestrial beings">Types of alleged<br> extraterrestrial beings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy beings</a></li>

<li><a href="Grey_alien" title="Grey alien">Grey aliens</a></li>

<li><a href="Insectoids_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectoids in science fiction">Insectoids</a></li>

<li><a href="Little_green_men" title="Little green men">Little green men</a></li>

<li><a href="Nordic_aliens" title="Nordic aliens">Nordic aliens</a></li>

<li><a href="Reptilian_humanoid" title="Reptilian humanoid">Reptilian humanoids</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Hypotheses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cosmic_pluralism" title="Cosmic pluralism">Cosmic pluralism</a></li>

<li><a href="Directed_panspermia" title="Directed panspermia">Directed panspermia</a></li>

<li><a href="Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis">Extraterrestrial hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry" title="Hypothetical types of biochemistry">Hypothetical types of biochemistry</a></li>

<li><a href="Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li>

<li><a href="Kardashev_scale" title="Kardashev scale">Kardashev scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Mediocrity_principle" title="Mediocrity principle">Mediocrity principle</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-planetary_abiogenesis" title="Non-planetary abiogenesis">Non-planetary abiogenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a> solutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aestivation_hypothesis" title="Aestivation hypothesis">Aestivation hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Berserker_hypothesis" title="Berserker hypothesis">Berserker hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Dark_forest_hypothesis" title="Dark forest hypothesis">Dark forest hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Firstborn_hypothesis" title="Firstborn hypothesis">Firstborn hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Filter" title="Great Filter">Great Filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Hart%E2%80%93Tipler_conjecture" title="Hart–Tipler conjecture">Hart–Tipler conjecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Neocatastrophism" title="Neocatastrophism">Neocatastrophism</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetarium_hypothesis" title="Planetarium hypothesis">Planetarium hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Rare_Earth_hypothesis" title="Rare Earth hypothesis">Rare Earth hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoo_hypothesis" title="Zoo hypothesis">Zoo hypothesis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="Outline_of_extraterrestrial_life" title="Outline of extraterrestrial life">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li>

<li><a href="Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li>

<li><a href="Astroecology" title="Astroecology">Astroecology</a></li>

<li><a href="Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li>

<li><a href="Brookings_Report" title="Brookings Report">Brookings Report</a></li>

<li><a href="Exotheology" title="Exotheology">Exotheology</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials in fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Extremophile" title="Extremophile">Extremophile</a></li>

<li><a href="Hemolithin" title="Hemolithin">Hemolithin</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_extraterrestrial_life_debate" title="History of the extraterrestrial life debate">History of the extraterrestrial life debate</a></li>

<li><a href="Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li>

<li><a href="Noosphere" title="Noosphere">Noogenesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Potential_cultural_impact_of_extraterrestrial_contact" title="Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact">Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-detection_policy" title="Post-detection policy">Post-detection policy</a></li>

<li><a href="San_Marino_Scale" class="mw-redirect" title="San Marino Scale">San Marino Scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Technosignature" title="Technosignature">Technosignature</a></li>

<li><a href="UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction458" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Science_fiction458" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Outline_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li>

<li><a href="Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a>

<li><a href="Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li>

<li><a href="Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li>

<li><a href="Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li>

<li><a href="Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a>

<ul><li><a href="Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li>

<li><a href="Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li>

<li><a href="Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a>

<ul><li><a href="Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li>

<li><a href="Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li>

<li><a href="Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li>

<li><a href="EMP_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li>

<li><a href="Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li>

<li><a href="Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li>

<li><a href="Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li>

<li><a href="Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li>

<li><a href="French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Korean_science_fiction" title="Korean science fiction">Korean</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_speculative_fiction" title="Polish speculative fiction">Polish</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li>

<li><a href="Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art,<br>and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li>

<li><a href="Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li>

<li><a href="John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li>

<li><a href="Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li>

<li><a href="Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li>

<li><a href="Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li>

<li><a href="Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li>

<li><a href="Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li>

<li><a href="Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li>

<li><a href="FantLab's_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li>

<li><a href="Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li>

<li><a href="Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li>

<li><a href="Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li>

<li><a href="Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li>

<li><a href="Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_prix_de_l'Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li>

<li><a href="Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction%2C_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li>

<li><a href="Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li>

<li><a href="Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li>

<li><a href="Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li>

<li><a href="Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li>

<li><a href="Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li>

<li><a href="Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li>

<li><a href="Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li>

<li><a href="SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li>

<li><a href="Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li>

<li><a href="Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li>

<li><a href="T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li>

<li><a href="Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li>

<li><a href="Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li>

<li><a href="Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li>

<li><a href="Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li>

<li><a href="Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li>

<li><a href="Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li>

<li><a href="Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li>

<li><a href="Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li>

<li><a href="Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li>

<li><a href="Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li>

<li><a href="British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_fiction_on_television#Continental_European_science_fiction_series" title="Science fiction on television">European</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li>

<li><a href="Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecumenopolis" title="Ecumenopolis">Ecumenopolis</a></li>

<li><a href="Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li>

<li><a href="Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li>

<li><a href="Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li>

<li><a href="Topopolis" title="Topopolis">Topopolis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Evolution_in_fiction" title="Evolution in fiction">Evolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a>

<li><a href="Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_engineering_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic engineering in science fiction">Genetic engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanotechnology_in_fiction" title="Nanotechnology in fiction">Nanotechnology</a></li>

<li><a href="Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li>

<li><a href="Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasitism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li>

<li><a href="Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li>

<li><a href="Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li>

<li><a href="Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li>

<li><a href="Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li>

<li><a href="Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Time viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li>

<li><a href="Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li>

<li><a href="Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li>

<li><a href="Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li>

<li><a href="Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li>

<li><a href="Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li>

<li><a href="Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li>

<li><a href="Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li>

<li><a href="Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li>

<li><a href="Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li>

<li><a href="Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a>

<ul><li><a href="AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li>

<li><a href="Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li>

<li><a href="Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li>

<li><a href="Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li>

<li><a href="Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li>

<li><a href="Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_fictional_astronauts" title="Lists of fictional astronauts">Fictional astronauts</a></li>

<li><a href="Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Future_history" title="Future history">Future history</a></li>

<li><a href="Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li>

<li><a href="Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Museum_of_Science_Fiction" title="Museum of Science Fiction">Museum of Science Fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubber_science" title="Rubber science">Rubber science</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Science and technology studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">Sense of wonder</a></li>

<li><a href="Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li>

<li><a href="Technology_and_society" title="Technology and society">Technology and society</a></li>

<li><a href="Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3ASpeculative_fiction/Science_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Science fiction">Portal</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_catastrophic_risks820" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Global_catastrophic_risks820" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Future_of_Earth" title="Future of Earth">Future of the Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Future_of_an_expanding_universe" title="Future of an expanding universe">Future of an expanding universe</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Human_extinction#Risk_estimates" title="Human extinction">Human extinction risk estimates</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">Cyberattack</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li>

<li><a href="Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_applications_of_nanotechnology#Weapons" title="Industrial applications of nanotechnology">Nanoweapons</a></li>

<li><a href="Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kinetic_energy_weapon" title="Kinetic energy weapon">Kinetic energy weapon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a></li>

<li><a href="Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock">Doomsday Clock</a></li>

<li><a href="Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li>

<li><a href="Antimatter_weapon" title="Antimatter weapon">Antimatter weapon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">Electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP)</li>

<li><a href="Safety_of_high-energy_particle_collision_experiments" title="Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments">Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments</a>

<ul><li><a href="Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro black hole</a></li>

<li><a href="Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">Synthetic intelligence</a> / <a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a>

<ul><li><a href="AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li>

<li><a href="Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li>

<li><a href="Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a></li>

<li><a href="Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li>

<li><a href="Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</a>

<ul><li><a href="Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">Economic collapse</a></li>

<li><a href="Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li>

<li><a href="New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">Nuclear holocaust</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_famine" title="Nuclear famine">famine</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter">winter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Riot" title="Riot">Riots</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_crisis" title="Social crisis">Social crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">Societal collapse</a></li>

<li><a href="State_collapse" title="State collapse">State collapse</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Ecological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li>

<li><a href="Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cascade_effect_(ecology)" title="Cascade effect (ecology)">Cascade effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis" title="Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis">Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li>

<li><a href="Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li>

<li><a href="Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Plant or animal species extinctions</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Civilizational collapse</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_sensitivity" title="Climate sensitivity">Climate sensitivity</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">Flood basalt</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_terrestrial_stilling" title="Global terrestrial stilling">Global terrestrial stilling</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_change" title="Climate change">Global warming</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a>

<ul><li><a href="Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li>

<li><a href="Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li>

<li><a href="Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li>

<li><a href="Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a>

<ul><li><a href="Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li>

<li><a href="Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li>

<li><a href="Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li>

<li><a href="Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a>

<ul><li><a href="Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li>

<li><a href="Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a>

<ul><li><a href="Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li>

<li><a href="Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li>

<li><a href="Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li>

<li><a href="Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li>

<li><a href="Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li>

<li><a href="Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li>

<li><a href="Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li>

<li><a href="Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li>

<li><a href="Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li>

<li><a href="False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li>

<li><a href="Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li>

<li><a href="Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a>

<ul><li><a href="Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li>

<li><a href="Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li>

<li><a href="Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a>

<ul><li><a href="Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li>

<li><a href="Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li>

<li><a href="Intergalactic_star" title="Intergalactic star">Rogue star</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li>

<li><a href="Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li>

<li><a href="Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a>

<ul><li><a href="Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li>

<li><a href="Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a>

<ul><li><a href="Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a>

<ul><li><a href="Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li>

<li><a href="Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li>

<li><a href="Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li>

<li><a href="Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li>

<li><a href="2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a>

<li><a href="Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li>

<li><a href="Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a>

<ul><li><a href="Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li>

<li><a href="Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li>

<li><a href="Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li>

<li><a href="Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li>

<li><a href="War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li>

<li><a href="Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li>

<li><a href="Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a>

<ul><li><a href="Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a>

<li><a href="Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a></li>

<li><a href="Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li>

<li><a href="Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li>

<li><a href="Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li>

<li><a href="Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li>

<li><a href="Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li>

<li><a href="2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li>

<li><a href="Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li>

<li><a href="Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li>

<li><a href="Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li>

<li><a href="Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li>

<li><a href="Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis (hypothetical star)</a></li>

<li><a href="Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rapture#Prewrath_premillennialism" title="Rapture">Prewrath</a></li>

<li><a href="Posttribulation_rapture" title="Posttribulation rapture">Posttribulation rapture</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a></li>

<li><a href="Vulnerable_world_hypothesis" title="Vulnerable world hypothesis">Vulnerable world hypothesis</a></li>

<li><a href="World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">List of apocalyptic films</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster films</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">List of disaster films</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a>

<ul><li><a href="Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li>

<li><a href="Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Disaster" title="Disaster">Disaster</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li>

<li><a href="Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li>

<li><a href="Survivalism" title="Survivalism">Survivalism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AWorld" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Categories

<ul><li>Apocalypticism</li>

<li>Future problems</li>

<li>Hazards</li>

<li>Risk analysis</li>

<li>Doomsday scenarios</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-19" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Alien_invasion&oldid=1301291721">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>